r - How to change characters into NA? -


i have census dataset missing variables indicated ?, when checking incomplete cases in r says there none because r takes ? valid character. there way change ? nas? run multiple imputation using mice package fill in missing data after.

creating data frame df

df <- data.frame(a=c("?",1,2),b=c(2,3,"?")) df #   b # 1 ? 2 # 2 1 3 # 3 2 ?

i. using replace() function

replace(df,df == "?",na) #         b # 1 <na>    2 # 2    1    3 # 3    2 <na>

ii. while importing file ?

 data <- read.table("xyz.csv",sep=",",header=t,na.strings=c("?",na))  data  #  b  # 1  1 na  # 2  2  3  # 3  3  4  # 4 na na  # 5 na na  # 6  4  5

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